Hamlet vs. Oedipus - 1493 Words

Hamlet vs Oedipus Hamlet by William Shakespeare and Oedipus the King by Sophocles are both tragic stories which contain many elements of which are similar and different. Although both Hamlet and Oedipus suffer from fate, Hamlet’s father is murdered by his brother Claudius, while Oedipus kills his own father. Both Hamlet and Oedipus have the opportunity to shun their fate, but the two men believe themselves to be the only individual who can resolve the predicament which they are faced with. The homeland of Hamlet and Oedipus, Denmark and Thebes, are both in a state of tumult. After Hamlet’s father’s death Denmark was presided by a new court, after Claudius, who in addition to murdering Hamlet’s father, became king by marrying his†¦show more content†¦Oedipus, on the other hand, chooses to be involved in the death of Laius, thus, concurring with the predetermination of Oedipus’ fate set forth by the gods. When arrogantly speaking to Creo n, Oedipus proclaims, â€Å"I shall rid us of this pollution, not for the sake of a distant relative, but for my own sake.† (Sophocles 12) Unlike Hamlet, it was Oedipus’ foolishness and egotistical behavior that kicked him in the direction of his tragic ending. Oedipus has nobody to blame but himself for the way he ended up. His negligence towards the wise words of Tiresias eventually resulted in the belated acknowledgment that he really did murder Laius, who was in fact Oedipus’ biological father. Due to the revelation of events, the fate of Oedipus is more tragic than that of Hamlet. But the fate of Hamlet is also tragic, only occurring in a different way. He, Laertes, Queen Gertrude, and Claudius all die in the duel at the end of the story. Not to mention it was Hamlet who is directly responsible for killing Claudius’ chief counselor, Polonius, and also indirectly responsible for the death of Polonius’ daughter, Ophelia. Both Hamlet and Oedipus believe that fate is responsible for their tragic end, but clearly, Hamlet is more a victim of Claudius than fate, whereas Oedipus creates his own demise. It is obvious that both Hamlet and Oedipus are experiencing psychological trauma while suffering through the tragic events that took place. AsShow MoreRelatedHamlet vs. Oedipus Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Analysis of Prince Hamlet in Hamlet by William Shakespeare and Oedipus in Oedipus King by Sophocles In Aristotles literary discourse, Poetics, he discusses his theory of tragedy, wherein he introduces the concepts of tragic flaw or hamartia, which serves as the catalyst for the protagonists downfall or the tragedy of the story to happen. He determines a tragedy as a drama that brings about a sorrowful conclusion, arousing fear and pity in the audience (Roberts and JacobsRead MoreOedipus vs. Hamlet: a Character Comparison Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pagesother such errors in it. Oedipus vs. Hamlet: A Character Comparison After reading Sophocles Oedipus the King and Shakespeares Hamlet, it is quiet clear that Oedipus is by far the more admirable character of the two. Aside from Oedipus history and life experience, his superior character traits are also displayed in the way he handles several incidents throughout the play. One of the primary reasons Oedipus is more admirable than Hamlet is just their history. Oedipus is a king. He got thereRead MoreOedipus vs. Hamlet as Tragic Heroes1562 Words   |  7 PagesOedipus from the drama, â€Å"Oedipus the King† and Hamlet from, â€Å"Hamlet, Prince of Denmark† are two characters that are different, yet they both share the same title of being a tragic hero. Oedipus and Hamlet have many characteristics of a tragic hero that separates them in varieties. However, some of those characteristics show that both characters have and use similar thought processes and methods, which classify them as tragic heroes of their dramas. The five characteristics of a tragic hero are: nobilityRead More Comparison of Oedipus and Hamlet Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of Oedipus and Hamlet Compare and contrast Oedipus and Hamlet. Is Oedipus more a man of action? Or is he more a man driven by whim and sudden, rash decisions? Which character is more selfless? Does Hamlet show any signs of selfish motives in his actions or inactions? Which protagonist seems more learned? wiser? more religious? more loving? more incestuous? Which seems to be a better murder investigator? Does Oedipus have any of Claudius motives when he kills the king, Laius? ThenRead MoreCan You Truly Ever Escape?2156 Words   |  9 PagesGreek tragedy. The most memorable of his warnings was in Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, king of Thebes that he was the land’s pollution. The prophet Tiresias spoke the truth about Oedipus—â€Å"God within reckon that out, and if you find me mistaken, say I have no skill in prophecy†Ã¢â‚¬â€denouncing the tragedy, as the angry Oedipus begins his painful search for the truth about himself. However, the prophecy is Oedipus’s ultimate demise . Oedipus fought the limits of free will by ignoring social ques, and even disbelievingRead MoreThe Sanity Of William Shakespeare s Hamlet1938 Words   |  8 Pagesto the character’s essence. Many acclaimed critics question the sanity of the protagonist in one of William Shakespeare’s most famous plays, Hamlet. The question of Prince Hamlet’s sanity divides readers into two different opinions: one defending his plan of fake insanity and the other confirming his insanity. In his plan to avenge his father’s death, Hamlet disguises himself as mad. Unfortunately, Hamlet’s intricate plan backfires as his mental illnesses become more prominent. The death of lovedRead MoreHow to Read Lit Like a Prof Notes3608 Words   |  15 Pagesgood, being based on Hamlet won’t save it. 6. When in Doubt, It’s from Shakespeare†¦ a. Writers use what is common in a culture as a kind of shorthand. Shakespeare is pervasive, so he is frequently echoed. b. See plays as a pattern, either in plot or theme or both. Examples: i. Hamlet: heroic character, revenge, indecision, melancholy nature ii. Henry IV—a young man who must grow up to become king, take on his responsibilities iii. Othello—jealousy iv. Merchant of Venice—justice vs. mercy v. King Lear—agingRead MoreFate Vs. Free Will2263 Words   |  10 PagesAncient Greek Mythology has one side on fate vs free will. They feel as though you have no ultimate choice and fate will always be your destiny. However, that does not mean everyone follows their destined path until death. In Homer’s The Iliad, fate and destiny as the final outcomes of a person’s life, however, at some points you wonder if a person’s destiny falls directly in the decisions made by someone. Hektor and Achilles both had choices, but ultimately believed they must follow their destinyRead MoreShe Stoops to Conquer Suggested Essays1898 Words   |  8 Pagesto ignore. How is Kate an example of moderation? Explain how her personality stands as the way of life Goldsmith most recommends. The play is organized into a series of conflicting philosophies: high-bred aristocrats vs. low-bred common folk; city life vs. country life; wealth vs. poverty, etc. Much of the absurdity that fuels Goldsmiths comedy comes from exploiting the way most people engage in contradictions even when they pretend to be examples of virtue. The best example is Marlow, and hisRead MoreEssay on The Character of Iago from Othello4183 Words   |  17 Pagesweaknesses. This is one of Iago’s admirable qualities- his power of perception and tactical skills. Iago has studied Othello’s nature, and he gives him one blow after another, expecting him to react at once, as he indeed does. Compared to the character of Hamlet, who behaves in the exactly opposite way, Othello is a man of action – he does not contemplates over the situation, his passions, once awaken, are intense and uncontrollable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The character of Iago himself was interpreted in many ways, many

Effective Group Work Based On Respect, Trust, Passion And...

The effective group work based on respect, trust, passion and collaboration. All the members try their best to achieve the goal which are the common aims. The components of successful teamwork can be concluded as follows, open communication with relax environment, clear direction of overall work, decision making process, and tasks for each members, balance the responsibility of participations for the task success, conflict acknowledge and process, sharing information and communicate each other regularly and including exchange resources, enable to evaluate tasks and adjust by teamwork (O’Daniel and Rosenstein, 2008). In addition, the overall results MDT members are achieved are, increasing the satisfactory of staffs and patients; improving provision and innovation in healthcare; decreasing error rates and result in healthcare risks dropped, like mortality and morbidity (Swientozielskyi et al, 2015 :29). 3.2. The issues influence MDT communication The different personal experience decides the unique of every healthcare professional, and in fact, decides the unique of every team. Efforts of improving medical care quality and safety are possible destroyed by collaboration and communication between clinical healthcare professionals because of difference of characteristics. The barriers may be caused by various reasons, for example, barriers between surgeons and anaesthesiologists, physicians and nurses, ordinary healthcare professionals and administrator and so on (Ray andShow MoreRelatedBuilding And Managing Effective Virtual Teams947 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology Paper One: Building and Managing Effective Virtual Teams Robert Jones, Robert Oyung, and Lise Pace, authors of Working Virtually: Challenges of Virtual Teams (2005) state: Virtual teams and teams in general are characterized by the fact that each member of the team is dependent upon one or more other members in order to accomplish the overall goal†¦ The single most critical component that makes teamwork possible is effective communication. (p. xvii - xviii) Notwithstanding the goal – toRead MoreLeaders Influence Others Toward Improvement In Educational1165 Words   |  5 PagesLeaders influence others toward improvement in educational practices and identify with and contribute to a community of learners and leaders in the teaching sector. Qualities of effective leadership and beliefs align with these seven qualities exemplified for effective leadership: A sense of purpose: There should be a clear understanding of values, everyone should have knowledge of them, and they should follow and display them in action. Justice: Rules and procedures are plain and concise, fair,Read MoreAn Effective Teacher Is One Who Strives For Excellence1723 Words   |  7 PagesAn effective teacher is one who strives for excellence every day and cares strongly about student’s education. I will be that effective teacher. I am determined to provide my students with the best education. I want my students to feel comfortable in my classroom and be willing to talk to me about anything. I believe that having a positive relationship with teachers is more valuable than most things in the classroom. When students aren’t comfortable, they aren’t interested in learning. For teachersRead MoreEffective Manager And An Effective Leader819 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction There has been much debate over the difference between an effective manager and an effective leader. There is strong evidence that there are definitely distinguishable characteristics between the two. However, they both involve the process of influencing a group of individuals toward a common goal. Some argue that leaders take an organization into the future while managers are more concerned with the day-to-day process of getting the job done. The one thing all researchers seem toRead MoreAssessing Leadership For Change . Leaders Influence Others1394 Words   |  6 PagesQualities of effective leadership and beliefs should align with these qualities as effective leadership: A sense of purpose: There should be a clear understanding of values, everyone should have knowledge of them, and they should follow and display them in action. Fairness: Rules and procedures are plain and concise, fair, inflexible, and consistent, and everyone follows them. Temperance: As a leader, emotions should be kept in balance. That does not mean that a leader must possess any passion but knowRead MoreLeadership Is A Journey Of Influence1586 Words   |  7 Pagesleader will understand what influence tactics would work best for certain situations and different group of people. Sources of influence are all around organizations. As a result, people’s visions and behaviors can be shaped and directed by how leaders communicate and act. I believe that the most important asset of one organization is the staff. As a leader, it’s my responsibility to get people deeply motivated, engaged and satisfied in their work, to build an environment where people can recognizeRead MoreReflection Of Education1202 Words   |  5 Pageseducational practice. One important practice is to institute effective, positive and accurate communication with parents as soon as possible. Starting off the year with parent-teacher conferences as early as possible will start off the year on a good note while finding out â€Å"as much as possible about the...family’s goals for their child’s learning and development† (YC). This will ensure that everyone is on the same page going into the year and they can work together to build up the child’s strengths and weaknessesRead MoreThree Qualities That Groups Expect From Their Leaders1386 Words   |  6 Pageshave identified four qualities that groups expect from their le aders: 1. Trustworthiness –leaders must win the trust and assurance of the followers that are asked to change. The school community counts on the principal to â€Å"walk the talk.† Even though it might take a while for the group members to trust the new leader, when proceeding consistently with the school’s mission and vision, the group’s trust develops. It is vital that the leader does not break that trust, as it will be challenging to recoverRead MoreTransformational Leadership Within A Health Care Setting1622 Words   |  7 Pageshealthcare system is constantly changing, therefore requiring effective leadership among nurses. With that said leadership that promotes positive change is necessary in a health care setting. Transformational leadership was developed by leadership expert James MacGregor Burns in the late 1970’s. Transformational leadership is considered a contemporary leadership theory. Contemporary theories of leadership place emphasis on teamwork and collaboration, and is built around the premise of change. â€Å"TransformationalRead MoreTransformat ional Leadership And Authentic Leadership Theories1598 Words   |  7 Pagesfive initial characteristics that individuals need to possess. These include motivation, well developed values, strong relational connections, self-control and passion (Northouse, 2016). In essence, authentic leaders are able to gain the trust and support of their followers through their relatable candor and their drive to help others. Based on many of the theory s approach to leadership from a relational standpoint as its emphasis on serving the value of serving others, I found much of my own leadership

Human Resource Management Multinational Corporations

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management Multinational Corporations. Answer: Introduction The international human resource management is the structured and sequential method of utilising and allocating the human resource in the multinational corporations. The human resource managers in these multinational companies need to undertake the efficient human resource practices to structure the organisational functionalities (Tooksoon 2011). Maintenance of the human resource policies is the integral part of the IHRM contexts. The multinational companies deal with many employees who are from diverse cultural background. The effective human resource management fosters innovative approaches to the organisational contexts. The maintenance of the flexibility in the organisational functionalities helps the employees work with proper ease. The IHRM practices are diversified in different countries. It sometimes creates potential challenges for the human resource management teams. The study will thus identify the different human resource management procedure in Australia and India. The cultural differences are the major obstacles for managing the organisational scenario. On the contrary, it can be implied that establishment of effective human resource management process provide many opportunities to strengthen the organisational culture in the international level. The study will thus shed lights on the differences in the national culture of Australia and India. Accordingly, the application of the IHRM practices in these two countries will be discussed. The use of the theoretical model would be helpful enough to explain the underlying concept. The study will be concluded by focusing on the practical experiences related to the IHRM practices. Discussion The International Human Resource Management is a broader concept that explores the HRM activities in multinational companies all over the world. Allocating the human resources and utilising their skills are the major responsibilities of the international human resource practices. Human resource management maintains the responsibilities of developing the employees potentiality, approaches and behaviour (Mockaitis, Zander and De Cieri 2015). In the international context, it is noted that the effective human resource management plays the most vital role in managing the cultural diversity in the multinational companies. The cultural values of the different countries create the significant impacts on the organisational functionalities. The organisational functionalities depend on the diversified cultural values in different countries. Accordingly, the human resource management requires concentrating on the diversified working cultures and manage the entire organisational environment. Stor ey (2014) explained that the nature of the human resources is usually multi dimensional. The employees receive the opportunity to develop their competence level and knowledge parameter if they are under the supervision of efficient human resource management team. The globalised and competitive business word is changing the demands of the business in this current era. The international human resource management is mostly concerned about the foreign environments and the HRM activities of the organisation. The further section of the study will consider the role of the IHRM process in managing the diversified cultural values. It is evident that the work culture of Australia and India is completely different to each other. The cultural difference is one of the major reasons behind such diversified nature of work. The culture of the work in Australia and India depends on the different perspectives, which are influenced by the national cultural aspects. There are two major differences noticed between Australia and India in the workplaces. The work-timing depends on the number of people working for a particular day. This timing of work will vary between each country. In case of Australia, it is noted that people work for eight hours in a day (IndianConnection.com.au s2016). In fact, the organisations in the western countries follow the similar timing for each day. However, on the other hand, it is noticed that people in India usually work for ten to twelve hours in a day. Moreover, it is important to state that the Australian organisations are usually fond of promoting the fair work and maintaining the work-life balance. On the contrary, the Indian organisations are yet to bring such concept in their working schedule. It is noticed that there is much appreciation foreseen in the Australian organisations. In most of the cases, the management appreciates and recognises the employees. They even listen to their concerns without being judgemental. Each of the employees receives equal opportunities to raise their concern without any hesitation. On the other hand, the judgmental behaviour of the Indian culture sometimes brings challenges to the employees. It affects their creative thinking to bring more innovations to the business process (Gannon, Roper and Doherty 2015). The concerns about the cultural values, creeds, and religions are sometimes becoming major obstacles for the employees. Hence, it can be inferred that the equal employment opportunity is not much significant due to the cultural barriers in India. Managing the effective human resource management in the international context has become the integral part of every organisation. Accordingly, many of the challenges and opportunities are associated with the subject matter. The recognisable trends and challenges of International Human Resource Management are described further. In this current scenario, the emergence of global competition is one of the innovative norms. The employers and the employees aspire to be the global player in HR markets (Gupta 2013). Due to this globalisation effects, the organisations are undertaking many of the innovative processes to gain more supports from the customers. The internal activities are thus transformed and restructured (Jackson, Schuler and Jiang 2014). The HRM departments take this initiative to manage the entire organisational scenario in this change management situation. The HRM maintains the responsibility to manage the employer and employee altogether and focuses on the performance parameters as well. This globalisation effects are thus bringing the opportunities for more innovations and business growth in this competitive business scenario (Crucini, Kose and Otrok 2011). However, the HRM department usually faces challenges in retaining the employees and reducing the turnover rates. The employees tend to leave when they generate the sense of job insecurities in this challenging business market. In such cases, the human resource management has to put the extra effort to motivate the employees and bring the job security by ensuring more facilities. It is noted that the shifts in the demographic structure are frequently changing the work patterns. Countries like Australia and India are facing major challenges in ageing populations. This challenge raises two major concerns in the international contexts. First, When the ageing workers retire, the organisations loss the intellectual property and the other information. Secondly, when these employees retire from the work, they do not receive the proper pension plans and welfare facilities. These aspects are quite challenging for the human resource management. Moreover, the demographic feature is also representing the beliefs and attitudes of the young generation. The effects of globalisation are changing the workforce structure as well. The power of Information Technology is causing the permanent loss of jobs in first-job entry and middle-tier level. The changes in the technological structure are bringing more innovations in the business scenario. However, these technological changes provide both the opportunities and threats. Most of the people are now operated remotely and very few amounts of people are working in the central location (Nowak 2016). The workplace diversity is maintained through the growth of a multigenerational flexibly skilled, and the cross-cultural workforce. However, it is noted that the sophisticated management practices can facilitate this initiative more specifically. The responses of education are considered as the most significant solutions for the challenges faced due to the demographic changes. In this current scenario, the traditional education system is highlighting most of the challenges for the organisations. The business practitioners are mainly focusing on the professional qualifications and workplace learning process. Therefore, the educational differences in different countries vary the work cultures as well. Hence, the challenges are much significant for the international human resource management. Even though the effects of globalisation are bringing more opportunities, it is noted that the entire global changes are not always positive. Society demands for better equity in this current sophisticated world (Festing et al. 2013). Therefore, the income distribution and the benefits are shared between profits and wages. The income distribution is also focusing on the regional growth disparities. The income level of the workforce in Australia and India has also changed accordingly. The above discussion is suggesting the challenges and the opportunities for IHRM process. Based on this description, the use of the Hofstede model will be discussed in the further section. The use of the theoretical model is beneficial in exploring the cultural values in different countries. It is noted that the different dimensions of model are creating the significant impact on the workplace attribute. Recognising this aspect, Mr. Geert Hofstede introduced a theoretical model, which is creating the society-based cultures on the organisational values (Upadhyaya and Rittenburg 2015). On the other hand, the Civilisation and Globe Model is also suggesting the differences in the national cultures and the impacts of such differences in organisational contexts. The further section of the study will provide the cultural dimensions for Australia and India. The Hofstede Model introduces five different cultural dimensions that have the significant impacts on the organisational values. These dimensions are shown below: It is noticed that India has scored much higher in the power distance dimension. The power distance is explained as an extent to which the members of the country expect and accept the power distributed unequally. India has scored higher in this dimension and it depicts that there is the high rate of the inequality in regards to power and wealth within the Indian society (Storey 2014). In this scenario, the managers expect much obedience form the team members. Moreover, the employees need to derive clear ideas about their role, responsibilities and functions (Shen 2011). The caste system in India has divided the workforce in India. On the other hand, it is noted that the Australian organisations are providing the equal opportunities to the members. Moreover, the organisations in Australia promote the fair work and provide the necessary facilities to the employees to maintain the level of equality more specifically. In India, the collectivistic traits are much visible. The individuals are led by the suggestions provided by the groups. They are expected to support the preferences that are coming from a larger number of populations (Sikora and Ferris 2014). On the contrary, Australia is a highly individualised country. In the Australian organisations, the individual preferences matter the most for taking any relevant decisions. The needs and basic demands of the organisations are also noticed more tactfully. India is considered as the masculine country. Therefore, it has scored higher in this dimension. In terms of visual displays of success and power, it is noticed that India is very masculine (Snell, Morris and Bohlander 2015). Australia has the similarity with India in this dimension. Australia is also pointed out as the masculine country. However, the Australian organisations are much focused on the shared values that the people try to bring on for achieving success. The positive behavioural traits of Australian professionals for resolving issues are much commendable. India has the medium to low preferences in the uncertainty avoidance. The Indian organisations tend to accept the imperfections and can go beyond the plan to bring the effective outcome. Australia has the very nominal score in this regards. There are moderate chances of uncertainties in the Australian organisations (Mondy sand Martocchio 2016). Moreover, the HRM management is competent enough to resolve the uncertain issues. The last dimension is describing the process of linking the past situations with the challenges in present and future. The Indian culture is much associated with the philosophical thoughts. The great tolerance level of the religion is somewhat dealing with the philosophical values. Hence, the long term orientation in India is based on the beliefs. On the other hand, Australians has the very normative culture (Mockaitis, Zander and De Cieri 2015). The Societies of Australia establish the strong concerns by focusing on the absolute truth. They usually exhibit more respects for the traditional values. Therefore, the Australians do not settle for long term orientation, rather they concentrate on the relatively small propensity approaches. The Globe Theory of Cultural Value is focusing on the motives, beliefs, values, and interpretations. The globe theory captures each of the dimensions altogether to understand the cultural values within the organisation. It is to be noted that the international organisations need to consider the approaches of the employees who are diverse in culture (Kraimer, Takeuchi and Frese 2014). Therefore, it is necessary to give preferences to the individual culture and traditional approaches. The theory is though not accepted widely in this recent time. However, it can be inferred that the major responsibility of the human resource management is to keep the attention on the diversified cultural values in achieving the success parameter (Jackson, Schuler and Jiang 2014). The Indian and Australian organisations are thus supporting such value based preferences and promoting the equality management. It is noted that many of the expatriates stay in Australia. If the expatriates belong to any Asian country, they sometimes face the issues with racism. However, in this current scenario, the efficient HRM department is promoting the equality in the organisation. In order to fulfil such ideas, the organisations need to come forward and bring more ideas about business innovations (Kehoe and Wright 2013). On the other hand, India is a country, which greets the expatriates by maintaining the proper hospitality. However, in the organisational scenario, some of the situational crisis takes place that may affect the business functionalities. Hence, it is essential to look beyond the discriminative attitude and establish the efficient human resource management process to resolve the issues. The proactive participation of the human resource management would be beneficial enough in establishing the cultural value in the international organisations. Conclusion The study provides the insightful ideas about the efficiency maintained by the international human resource management. Managing people with diverse cultural background is not easy. Moreover, it is also noticed that there are significant differences found in the work culture of Australia and India. The international human resource management process deals with the significant opportunities and challenges as well. Most of the challenges are coming from the changing demands of the business in this globalised scenario. Therefore, it is essential to recognise the cultural beliefs in different countries. The application of the Hofstede and Globe model is exploring the conceptual analysis about the cultural dimensions. The human resource management needs to keep the focus on these cultural dimensions before scheduling any business activities. However, in this current scenario, the technological structure has been changing drastically. The diversification of the culture would thus be benefi cial enough to bring more innovations. However, the human resource management in the international context has to be competent enough to resolve those emerging challenges. References Bakir, A., Blodgett, J.G., Vitell, S.J. and Rose, G.M., 2015. A preliminary investigation of the reliability and validity of Hofstedes cross cultural dimensions. InProceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 226-232). Springer International Publishing. Crucini, M.J., Kose, M.A. and Otrok, C., 2011. What are the driving forces of international business cycles?.Review of Economic Dynamics,14(1), pp.156-175. De Mooij, M., 2013. On the misuse and misinterpretation of dimensions of national culture.International Marketing Review,30(3), pp.253-261. Dowling, P., Festing, M. and Engle, A. 2013. International human resource management. 1st ed. Andover: Cengage Learning Festing, M., Budhwar, P.S., Cascio, W., Dowling, P.J. and Scullion, H., 2013. Current issues in International HRM: Alternative forms of assignments, careers and talent management in a global context.Zeitschrift fr Personalforschung/German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, pp.161-166. Gannon, J.M., Roper, A. and Doherty, L., 2015. Strategic human resource management: Insights from the international hotel industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,47, pp.65-75. Gupta, A., 2013. International hrm in sustaining international business operations.Educationaia Confab,2(5), pp.43-49. IndianConnection.com.au, 2016. How different is culture in Australia compared to India | IndianConnection.com.au. [online] IndianConnection.com.au. Available at: https://www.indianconnection.com.au/main-differences-indian-australian-work-culture/ [Accessed 13 Jan. 2017].. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56. Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), pp.366-391. Kraimer, M.L., Takeuchi, R. and Frese, M., 2014. The global context and people at work: special issue introduction.Personnel Psychology,67(1), pp.5-21. Mockaitis, A.I., Zander, L. and De Cieri, H., 2015. Special issue of International Journal of Human Resource Management: The benefits of global teams for international organizations: HR implications.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,26(11), pp.1514-1516. Mondy, R. and Martocchio, J.J., 2016. Human resource management.Human Resource Management, Global Edition. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Nowak, M., 2016. Cultural determinants of accounting, performance management and costs problems. A view from the Polish perspective using G. Hofstedes and GLOBE culture dimensions.Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroc?awiu, (441), pp.134-149. Sikora, D.M. and Ferris, G.R., 2014. Strategic human resource practice implementation: The critical role of line management.Human Resource Management Review,24(3), pp.271-281. Snell, S.A., Morris, S.S. and Bohlander, G.W., 2015.Managing human resources. Nelson Education. Storey, J., 2014.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Tooksoon, H.M.P., 2011. Conceptual framework on the relationship between human resource management practices, job satisfaction, and turnover.Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies,2(2), pp.41-49. Upadhyaya, S. and Rittenburg, T.L., 2015, June. Cultural Influences on Experiences of and Responses to Consumer Vulnerability. InAnnual Macromarketing Conference(p. 59).

Why Running is the Best Sport Essay Essay Example

Why Running is the Best Sport Essay Paper A great fraction of people on the planet play a sport. Most people prefer to play a team sport to satisfy their needs and for many social reasons. However, although running is not a team sport, it is the best sport out there. Running is the best sport ever because its a way to keep your body in shape, it gives you a great rush after youre finished and because it improves your health. Running is the best sport because it is a great way to keep your body in shape. The sport keeps you up and owing, when commitment is shown. Instead of being a couch potato and watching television every night, a scheduled routine for a daily run could be substituted. Not many people see running as a workout, but It Is. A short, 20 minute easy run can already burn 250 calories. If running becomes a regular activity, those workouts can lead to tremendous changes In weight. Lastly, running Is a great way to train for other sports such as soccer, hockey, baseball, and even basketball. Once your body Is use to the fast pace, heavy breathing and an Increased heart rate type of workout, Its owing to be prepared for any other type of activity involving fast pace, heavy breathing and an increased heart rate. In conclusion, running has many ways it can keep your body in shape. In addition to keeping your body in shape, running can give you an exceptional rush once its completed. A run can make you feel like you accomplished something, whether its beating a previous time or Just simply finishing the run. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Running is the Best Sport Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Running is the Best Sport Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Running is the Best Sport Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These things can really make you feel confident and put you in a better mood. Running can also clear your mind after a long day. Some people say they lose themselves thinking during their run, which helps them flush out any thoughts in their head. The addition of the great outdoors Is also a way running makes you feel good. Fresh alarm Is proven to relieve stress and Its great for your body. So, running can be the answer to making you feel better and be a way to clear your mind. The fact that running improves your health is another reason why running is the best sport out there. Running has been proven to help lower blood pressure by maintaining the elasticity of the arteries. As a person runs, his or her arteries expand and contract more than usual, keeping the arteries elastic and the blood pressure low. Running also helps maximize the lungs potential, as it keeps them strong and powerful. While deep breaths force the lungs to use more tissue, the 50% of normally unused lung potential is utilized. Finally, running strengthens the heart and helps prevent heart attacks. The large muscle exercise helps keep the cardiac system efficient and strong. In fact, the heart of an Inactive person beats 36,000 more times ACH day than that of a runner, as running keep the arteries open and the blood flowing smoothly. Therefore, running Is a way to Improve your blood pressure, lung potential and strengthen your heart. In the end, there are many factors that contribute to making running the best sport ever. Keeping you In snaps, Glenn you an exceptional Russ Ana Tanat Its a way to improve your health is why running is such an amazing, world-wide sport. So when thinking about playing another sport, consider running, as it can change your life forever.

Hernan Cortes Conquistador Army

Hernan Cortes' Conquistador Army In 1519, Hernan Cortes embarked upon the bold conquest of the Aztec Empire. When he ordered his ships dismantled, signifying that he was committed to his expedition of conquest, he had only about 600 men and a handful of horses. With this band of conquistadors and subsequent reinforcements, Cortes would bring down the mightiest Empire the New World had ever known. Who were Cortes Conquistadors? Most of the conquistadors who fought in Cortes army were Spaniards from Extremadura, Castile and Andalusia. These lands proved fertile breeding grounds for the sort of desperate men needed in the conquest: there was a long history of conflict and much poverty there that ambitious men sought to escape. The conquistadors were often younger sons of minor nobility who would not inherit their family estates and thus had to make a name for themselves on their own. Many such men turned to the military, because there was a constant need for soldiers and captains in Spains many wars, and advancement could be fast and rewards, in some cases, could be rich. The wealthier among them could afford the tools of the trade: fine Toledo steel swords and armor and horses.   Why did the Conquistadors Fight? There was no sort of mandatory enlistment in Spain, so no one forced any of Cortes soldiers to fight. Why, then, would a sane man risk life and limb in the jungles and mountains of Mexico against murderous Aztec warriors? Many of them did it because it was considered a good job, in a sense: these soldiers would have looked upon work as a tradesman like a tanner or a shoemaker with scorn. Some of them did it out of ambition, hoping to be gain wealth and power along with a large estate. Others fought in Mexico out of religious fervor, believing that the natives needed to be cured of their evil ways and brought to Christianity, at the point of a sword if necessary. Some did it for adventure: many popular ballads and romances came out at the time: one such example was Amadis de Gaula, a rousing adventure which tells the story of the heros quest to find his roots and marry his true love. Still others were excited by the beginnings of the golden era through which Spain was about to pass an d wanted to help make Spain a world power. Conquistador Weapons and Armor During the early parts of the conquest, conquistadors preferred arms and armor which was useful and necessary on the battlefields of Europe such as heavy steel chestplates and helms (called morions), crossbows and harquebuses. These proved less useful in the Americas: heavy armor was not necessary, as most native weapons could be defended against with thick leather or padded armor called escuapil, and crossbows and harquebuses, while effective in taking out one enemy at a time, were slow to load and heavy. Most conquistadors preferred to wear escuapil and armed themselves with fine steel Toledo swords, which could hack easily through native defenses. Horsemen found that they were effective with similar armor, lances and the same fine swords. Cortes Captains Cortes was a great leader of men, but he could not be everywhere all the time. Cortes had several captains that he (mostly) trusted: these men helped him greatly. Gonzalo de Sandoval: Only in his early twenties and not yet tested in battle when he joined the expedition, Sandoval quickly became Cortes right-hand man. Sandoval was smart, brave and loyal, three important qualities for a conquistador. Unlike Cortes other captains, Sandoval was a skilled diplomat who did not solve all problems with his sword. Sandoval always drew the most challenging assignments from Cortes and he never let him down.   Cristobal de Olid: Strong, brave, brutish and not very bright, Olid was Cortes captain of choice when he needed blunt force more than diplomacy. When supervised, Olid could lead large groups of soldiers, but had little in the way of problem-solving skills. After the conquest, Cortes sent Olid south to  conquer Honduras, but Olid went rogue and Cortes had to send another expedition after him. Pedro de Alvarado: Pedro de Alvarado is the best-known today of Cortes captains. The hotheaded Alvarado was an able captain, but impulsive, as he showed when he ordered the temple massacre in Cortes absence. After the fall of Tenochtitlan, Alvarado conquered the Maya lands to the south and even took part in the conquest of Peru. Alonso de Avila: Cortes didnt like Alonso de Avila much personally, because Avila had an annoying habit of bluntly speaking his mind, but he respected Avila and thats what counted. Avila was good in a fight, but he was also honest and had a head for figures, so Cortes made him the expeditions treasurer and put him in charge of setting aside the Kings fifth. Reinforcements Many of Cortes original 600 men died, were wounded, returned to Spain or the Caribbean or otherwise did not remain with him until the end. Fortunately for him, he received reinforcements, which always seemed to arrive when he needed them the most. In May of 1520, he defeated a larger force of conquistadors under Panfilo de Narvaez, who had been sent to rein in Cortes. After the battle, Cortes added hundreds of Narvaez men to his own. Later, reinforcements would seemingly arrive at random: for example, during the siege of Tenochtitlan, some survivors of Juan Ponce de Leons disastrous expedition to Florida sailed into Veracruz and were sent swiftly inland to reinforce Cortes. In addition, once word of the conquest (and rumors of Aztec gold) began to spread through the Caribbean, men rushed to join Cortes while there was still loot, land and glory to be had. Sources: Diaz del Castillo, Bernal. . Trans., ed. J.M. Cohen. 1576. London, Penguin Books, 1963. Print.Levy, Buddy. Conquistador: Hernan Cortes, King Montezuma and the Last Stand of the Aztecs. New York: Bantam, 2008.Thomas, Hugh. Conquest: Montezuma, Cortes and the Fall of Old Mexico. New York: Touchstone, 1993.

The Secret to ACT Math Mastering the Time Crunch

The Secret to ACT Math Mastering the Time Crunch SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT is a complex test thatrequires both an understanding of how the test works and a strategic approach to beat. The more you know about the secrets of each section, the better you'll be at maximizing your overall point-gain and getting the scores you want. And today we're here to walk you through how to do your very best on the ACT math section. Each subject section requires its own unique approach, and the ACT math section can give even some of the highest math achievers a run for their money. But luckily we’re here to help! We'll takeyou through the most important strategy you’ll need toknow andteach you how toconquer the ACT math section once and for all. ACT MathBasics Before we talk strategy, it’s crucial that you understand exactly what the ACT math section looks like and how it’s structured. The ACT math section is- like all the ACT subject sections- complete and contained.This means that there is only one math section in the entire test, and you cannot come back to it once the time is complete. You must maintainyour focus duringyour allotted time, as you will get only one chance to do well on your math section per ACT. Every ACT will give you60 math questions in 60 minutes- an average of one minute per question- and the questions get more and more difficult as you go. So questions1-10 will be fairlysimple and quick to complete, while questions 50-60 will be considerably more difficult. Don't be alarmed if completing 60 math questions in 60 minutes sounds like a trickyprospect! This is a fast paced test for almost all students, but coming prepared and knowing the secrets for how to tackle the math section will help you to raise those scores. The Secret to Doing Well on the ACT Math Section Long story short? The biggest hurdle of the ACT math section is the time crunch. If allowed to take the test at a leisurely pace, many students find that they only miss a small number of ACT math questions (either from misunderstanding the question or because of a lack of math content knowledge).But putting students on such a fast clock tends to ratchet up anxiety, leads students to make sloppy mistakes, and can make even the most level-headed student forget how to work through familiar problems. Keep in mind that many students do not finish the math section in the allotted 60 minutes.The test is purposefully designed so that a large number of students don’t make it to the end of the section having read and answered each question.So don’t feel like you’ve done something wrong if you can’t complete your math section before the time is up. The secret to doing well on the ACT math section lies in mastering yourtiming.You must keep track of the clock, develop a timing plan before the test (and stick to it!), and walk that fine balance between speed and accuracy.After all, if you can reach the end of your 60 questions but get33% of themwrong due to sloppy errors, then you’re no better off than had youslowed down and answered the first 40 questions perfectly Do keep in mind that youwon'thave any kind of outside force to help you measure your time or keep track of the progression of that 60 minutes, so definitely bring a watch (or at least keep careful track of the classroom clock). Your best friend during the ACT. How to Improve Your ACT Math Performance Because the secret to doing well on the ACT math section is all about your timing, you'll want to have a game plan and timing schedule worked out before test day. Your timing schedule willbe based on your practice performance, your personal math pace, and your scoring goals, so don't worry if your game plan looks different than anyone else's. Keep focusedon how you, and you alone, can maximize your ACT math section point gain. To begin, break the math section into chunks and set timing goals for completing each one.(Note that your timing will besomething to fine tune as you complete your study regimenand as you take your practice tests. Over time, you will improveand will have to tweak your final timing, which iswhy practicing and keeping track of your progress overtime is essential.) It's simplest to break the math section into three parts: the first 20 questions (â€Å"easy†), questions 21-40 (â€Å"medium†), and questions 41 - 60 (â€Å"hard†), and allot a specific amount of time to each section. We'll break down more specific timing strategies based on your current and ideal scoresbelow, but there is still one tip to keep in mind for all scorers: because the question difficulty increases in ascending order, it’s not optimal to give each math section (easy, medium, hard)the same amount of time. You'll instead make the most out of your time if you giveyourselfless time for the first section, spend the majority of your time on the middle section, and dedicatetheremaining time tothe lastsection. As you try your timing techniques, experiment by increasing your pace until the point at which your accuracy significantly drops off. Then back up a step from there.Maybe you only need 10 minutes to accurately answer the first 20 questions, or maybe you need 20 or 25 minutes. You’ll find your best pace through trial and error, so take our timing schedules as a baselinewith which to start. Now, depending on what your score goals are, let's see how this works in action by breaking down the timing into more detail and setting those baselines. For Students Aiming for a Score of≠¤ 26 If you're looking to get a maximum score of 26, then your best bet is to ignore those last 20 "hard" questions altogether. Focus your attention and your timing strategies on the first 40 questions only. This will maximize your chances for getting those first 40 questions correct, while still leaving you an opportunity to gainout a handfulofpoints in the "hard" section. (How will you still earnpointsfrom questions 41-60? Make sure you always guess on any question you don't know the answer to. For more information about how to make the most of your guesswork, check out the best strategy for "blind" guessing on the ACT.) By focusing your time and attention on the first 40 questions alone, you'll be able to slow down and give each question your best shot. Start by breaking your timing down into three chunks like so: Questions 1-20: 25 minutes Questions 21-40: 32 minutes Questions 41-60: 3 minutes (just to fill in the bubbles) Again, your timing will change over time and you can feel free to tweak it here and there as it suits you, but take this as a place to begin your timing strategy. For Students Aiming for a Score of 26 - 30 If you're aiming for a mid-high score in the 26-30 range, you'll focus most of your time on the first 50 questions and give yourself a relatively short amount of time for the last 10. Start by breaking down your timing into the following chunks: Questions 1-20: 15 minutes Questions 21-40: 25 minutes Questions 41 - 60: 20 minutes It may feel strange not togive yourself the most time on the difficult section, but remember that each question is worth the same amount of points (one). Slowing down to maximize your point gain in the mid-level section can often garner you more points overall than trying to speedthrough the test or spending too much time attemptingto answer the most difficult questions. Because you're focusing most of your attention on the first 50 questions, just skim the last 10 questionsand select the ones you feel you can do quickly and accurately.Allot yourself 5-10 minutes for questions 51-60, but don’t approach them one-by-one in order.Instead, take a minute or two to briefly look over each question and mark the ones you feel that you can do (or even just the ones you know enough about to be able to eliminate an answer choice or two). Answer the ones you marked as best you can and make your best blind guesses for the rest. By sacrificing some of your short remaining time to selecting the easiest or most familiar questions of the last 10, you will be able to maximize your overall points. And it will help prevent you from taking on a question that will occupy too much of your limited time, effort, and concentration. For Students Aiming for a Score of ≠¥ 31 If you're aiming for a score of 31 or above, you'll need to look at and (at least attempt to) answer every questionon the ACT math section. Though you'll still want to dedicate the slight majority of your time to the middle 20 questionsof the test, you'll need to minimizeyour time spendon the first 20 questions and increase your time for the last 20 as much as you comfortably can. But why spend the majority of your time in the middle section still? Doing well on the ACT is a constant balance between speed and accuracy. Questions 21-40 are where the test shifts gears and these questions can be deceptive, often appearing"easier" than they actually are. If you can maintain accuracy in the first40 questions while going faster, then feel free to do so. But try this timing schedule to start: Questions 1-20: 12 minutes Questions 21-40: 25 minutes Questions 41 - 60: 23 minutes Always keep in mind that your job is to maximize your overall points, so don’t get hung up on any one question.Learning how and when to move on from a question is all about being strict with your timing and paying attention to how you’re using it. Mastering the ACT is a matter of strategy. Take the time to prepare beforehand and you'll have the edge. Conclusion: Mastering ACT Math Timing For most students, the "math" part of the ACT math section isn't actually the most difficult aspect of the test- it's the time crunch. If you were allowed to take the test in as leisurelya manner as you wanted, you'd probably shock yourself with how high you scored. Thus learning how to master the timing of the test is priority one. Everyone will develop their own personal timing paces, but starting your practice with a baseline timing strategy is crucial.Start with one of our schedules, based on your current and projected scores, and then finagle it until you find the best balance between speed and accuracy you can manage. Stick to your plan on test day and then celebrate, because you rocked that ACT math section! What's Next? Want to know the number one secrets for success on theother ACT subjects?Check out the top strategies for conqueringthe ACTscience, reading, and writingsections. Need more ACT math section study help? We've put together a complete list of all the ACT math study you could possibly need, all in one place. Don't know where to get your practice materials?Check out our complete list of where to get your free ACT practice tests. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

FNES, family, love, dating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FNES, family, love, dating - Essay Example In these relationships, one is either the victim or a parasite, what is interesting is that these roles change periodically in the occurrence of an emotionally charged situation, for instance, a bitter argument. This is always accompanied by loud and angry outbursts from the repressed individual. The levels of aggression after an outburst can vary from either party, one of them can get sicker than the other partner. They can both trade insults, and such types of abuse can occur in different ways, abuse can either be indiscernible or blatant. It might also be subconscious or unintentional, whatever the method, the damage can be grave to the recipient. These types of abuse can be difficult to explain, and this makes it hard for friends and family to intervene and offer help. Gaining comfort, supporting one another and keeping each other happy are the basics of a relationship whether healthy or unhealthy. The main difference between the two types of relationships is that the couple in a healthy relationship work equally. A healthy relationship consists of checks and balances, individuality, equality and compromise. In an abusive relationship, one partner takes the advantage of these goals and uses them against their counterpart to manipulate them into doing whatever they wish. Unhealthy relationships have no compromise, no individuality and have forced inequality. Abusers often use excuses that do not come across as demanding making it hard for the partner to know what they want. This is one tactic of taking advantage of s omeone and in such a relationship; one partner may try to please the other to make their relationship stable. With a majority of abusive relationships being identified among the young people, they develop into young adults, who are more likely to continue the violence in their relationships. The important thing about understanding the types of relationships is that each and every one of us is bound to enter into a

The Theory of Population Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Theory of Population - Assignment Example The term population cohort is even recognized as population pyramid and this concept forwards the notion that a particular population comprises of organisms that are similar in nature and interbreed in a particular area. The theory states that population changes in three different stages including the growth stage in which population experiences an increase as a result of abundant sources for nutrition and low competition for those sources. The second stage is the stability stage in which population growth increases at a stable rate because of the decrease in resources and increase in competition. The third stage is the decline in which the population growth decreases as a result of lack of resources and ultimately the population comes to an end. The term Islam is used to refer to the submission to what the God wills. This means that the believers in the religion of Islam give precedence to the God’s will over their own will in various endeavors of their life including daily activities, believes and ideas. The term Muslim is used to refer to an individual who follows the religion of Islam and is an individual who has surrendered himself to their God called Allah. This means that a Muslim is an individual who has given himself in the hands of God and has allowed God to decide what the individual should and should not do. The religion of Islam is based on five pillars that every Muslim has to accept and abide by. These pillars include the belief that there is no other God in this world except Allah. Furthermore, a believer has to worship Allah five times a day while facing towards Mecca. A believer even has to share his earnings with others in the form of charity and observe fast during the holy month of Ramadan. Lastly, a believer who has the physical, as well as monetary ability, should visit Mecca as a form of pilgrimage.

Grandparents Essay Essay Example for Free

Grandparents Essay Essay The bond between grandparents and their grandchildren is one that can never be broken and will always be cherished forever. They basically set up a bond as a parent would. They take care of them while their parents are at work, provide financial support, and providing much needed emotional support to make sure the children get the best childhood without stressing out which is bad for the brain and development. The presence of a grandparent helps stable a child throughout childhood and infancy giving that child support while the parents are not there. Research believes that an integration of the evolutionary, sociological, and economic accounts will be necessary to fully explain the impact grandparents have in their grandchildren’s development. Once the children have been exposed to the love and caring of grandparents they begin to treat them with isolation to help control what is to come with dealing with attachment. They are beginning to conduct disciplines to determine what it is grandparents do to prompt the development of their grandchildren.

My Goals And Aspirations :: essays research papers

It is sad how my expectations have gone down with every year of high school, but I guess that is just what the real world is all about. I started my freshman year out talking about wanting to be a doctor or a scientist or a millionaire. I am about to leave high school not having a clue on what I want to do with my life. I has been hard to observe my grades going from practically straight A's as a freshman to the sad state of nearly having my credits denied this senior year. But now that I know that one has to face the responsibilities for every decision one makes, I might be ready to make some smart ones.No, I do not think that I can become a brain surgeon or a world-renowned scientist or, unless I win the lottery, a millionaire but I can try to do my best to become all that I can be with the options that I have. The marines, army, air force, and navy call my home non-stop, but I have already shot those options down. I am also not going to limit myself to just a high school diploma and enter the workforce. My parents do not think it is wise for me to enter a junior college, and I don't think that is wise either. But I do think that I can still salvage some of my parents' hopes for me but registering into The University of Houston for a year and then transferring to a more acclaimed university such as The University of Texas or Northeastern University in Boston. I have though it over and I think I might want to major in something that would get me into becoming a stockbroker. My parents have wanted me to get into computer programming because they say that is where the growth sector is, right now, for employment. But somehow, I just do not think that is what I want to do with my life, too boring for me. I guess my main goal in life is just to be happy.

Notes on Medical Sociology

Moreover, medicine is a social institution of normative coercion, and medical sociology studies not only the subjective experience of health and illness but also the social, economical, and political context within those experiences take part. We said that medicine Is coercive since doctors regulate our lives through medical treatments and conceptualizing society (for example crime and rebellious acts). Thus, we can talk about a â€Å"medical regime† and a â€Å"medical government† (p. Xiv).Historically speaking, from the creation of medical sociology as a specific subfield of sociology (in the 1 ass's), It has been focus on the study of the relation between doctor-patient with vital Importance of the â€Å"sick role† (Parsons). But It must study beyond that relation; social class, ethnicity, gender, age, demographical issues, epidemiology, globalization†¦ All these elements become relevant nowadays (p. Xvi). Chapter 8 – The new medical sociology Our world has witnessed a huge International change called globalization.It has changed social and economical relations, and also political. Health issues such as WAITS have been spread by globalization (the increase of tourism, more flights, migration, trade†¦ So on). â€Å"Globalization has integrated world health into a single, highly Interconnected system† (p. 270). Thus, globalization spreads diseases (97 lion people traveled by air from the states to other countries by the rand;sass). Medical sociology has studied health and illness and medicine as a social institution. Also, it has created a complete body of knowledge, but we need to make a greater emphasis In other elements like economics, politics, rights, and citizenship, all of them key elements In the contemporary society. In few words, we need a new medical sociology since we have a new medical economy, which is based on the pharmaceutical industry, insurance companies, research and development in emetics, micro biology, Information science, management of life processes (reproduction, aging, death†¦ ) (p. 271). â€Å"In more direct terms. He medial economy Is based on the production, reproduction, and management of the human body' (p. 272). The modern context of medicine The medical profession used to rest on political powers and on the trust of the public. This statement entails the existence of a medical dominance and the existence of a consulting ethic. But these elements have changed because of the globalization (a global and corporate medical system) and the commercial potential f health and illness, changing the relations between doctors and patients.However, not always doctors have got such a great social prestige; medical discoveries Like Immunization, or Improvement In surgery Like anesthesia, electrolyte physiology, or cardiopulmonary physiology in the 20th century, had established medicine as a FIFO clientele attenuator Ana a prestige protesters. Nevertheless, meal technolo gy NAS advanced and it ruined medicine's autonomy, but these technological advances entail risks and dangers for social rights (p. 273). All these things have challenged the rust in medicine and doctors as professionals (p. 74). â€Å"Any understanding of medicine in contemporary society will have to examine the economics of the corporate structure of medical practice and locate that corporate structure within a set of global processes† (p. 274). The new medical economy has spread diseases and old pandemics, panicking society in specific cases like AIDS (Hollywood films have reflected that panic/fear). In this way, the new medical sociology must draw attention to citizenship and civil rights, like a clean environment, adequate food and water applies, medical services†¦ P. 275). The centralization of health and medical care has changed, as well, the model of health care. Nowadays we must study international health policies, which entail vital problems because of the natio ns' sovereignty and international treatments (like the human rights). As we see, politics are really related to the new medical economy (p. 276) NP: SE habit De medicine alternative, peer sat SE llama â€Å"alternative† pursue hay nun dominate.Thus, the new medical economy is liked with the rise of neo-liberal policies and ideology, and hey do not suit with the social-welfare-working-class ideology of Europe, where the health is a social and public issue (centralized more or less by the state), whereas in the States health is a private-individual matter (related to philanthropy as well) (p. 277). â€Å"The modern development of corporate control over medical care as contributed to the decline of professional autonomy, initiative, and social status† (p. 278).Furthermore, the free-market policies has undermined the welfare state in Europe and increased more the gap between classes in the US, increasing the poverty rates and the infant mortality. Also, the changes within the medical care system have brought physicians face to face since now there are more specialists (p. 279). The centralization of health care has also undermined the trust in doctors, since there are lots of different possibilities in the market (p. 279) NP: SE ha period conflate en la medicine o en Los mdiscos com functionaries p;blocs.Se deaconess De la technological o De la biracial. Reproductive technologies, microbiology, and genetic engineering have supposed huge changes within the medical system and the public confidence in the medical professionals. Moreover, hey have entailed a medical revolution which affects to all social rights (p. 280). â€Å"This revolution is a threat to traditional institutions and religious cosmologies, but it may also challenge the processes of political governance† (p. 281). Thus, the new medical sociology must take into account the concept of risk society/global risk.This notion of risk has to do with the unintended and unexpected results of medical research and experimentation (p. 281). In this way, the globalization and the expansion of capitalism have introduced private business into public universities and research entrees, creating bias within the investigations and doing less critical works. Moreover, within the new system there is a big problem with the patents of drugs (p. 282). (Examples De problems con patents en Г?Africa y USA pГg. 283).Regulation, the professions, and scientific knowledge â€Å"Globalization has intensified the dynamic relationship of risk and regulations† (p. 284). Regulations and deregulation play a complex game influenced by global cog pneumatically companies Ana tenet drugs' sloe erects are economy an protected, in many cases, by federal laws and federal agencies in the States. Some drugs constitute a whole lifestyle, like Approach or Pixel. The sociology of health and illness must study the measures of controlling these risks and the social agents that can make it poss ible; either the state or medical profession (p. 286).In the sass Parsons published The Social System, developing the concept of the sick role, and the notion of medical profession as a completely autonomous profession capable of manage its business and make a beneficial contribution to the medical academy. Moreover, he stated the existence and need of a medical power which consists in a deiced regime that must be accepted by the patient in order to return to a â€Å"normal/ healthy' state (since sickness is a kind of deviance). However, medical profession has proved that it is not so autonomous and it depends in these days on economical powers and financial relations (p. 86). In Britain, successive governments have tried to create medical markets in order to create medical competence (and they were successful as well as the changes within education system). The professions are disappearing, â€Å"the professions are not and cannot be effective regulatory devices in a global-risk society' (p. 288). The risk society has complex socioeconomic relations, thus, governments need specialized and expert opinions. But the scientific knowledge is profoundly linked with political issues and ideology.In many cases the chosen option attends more to political matters rather than health and welfare issues (p. 289). Furthermore, the scientific knowledge itself has become more complex and expertise do not always agree to each other. Also, the time is a vital problem for health policies and the management of risks. Drug tests and medical experiments need long periods of time, and this influences on the policies and on the economical/financial relations between companies, states, and universities (p. 290). Moreover, there are moral problems with organ transplants and cloning (p. 91). Technology, law, and the body The new medical sociology has to take into account international and national law since globalization creates new unregulated risks that must be regulated (like clon ing, reproductive technologies, or organ transplants). These laws have to constraint the bad unintended results of medical experimentation and investigation. Since neo-liberal ideas claim for a free market, the regulation of drugs and reattempts (of human rights) must be carried out by government and policies.Nevertheless, some authors think that those advances are going to be abided to capitalist economy, however, as Max Weber stated even the capitalist system needs a legal framework in order to work and legitimate its dynamic (p. 292). Thus, medical corporations want a free market in order to get more benefits albeit they need some kind of law to protect themselves and their products (p. 293). Medical citizenship The new medical sociology does not have to construct a concept of citizenship according to moral values (like human rights), since it is a positive science.Instead of that, sociology has treated citizenship in social terms, and I has acknowledged the central importance of health and medical technologies in the political struggle these days (p. 293). Thus, health is considered as a social right, but there is scarcity since our expectations (baby boomers' expectations above all) are much more higher than the actual capacity of medicine for providing treatments and solutions. Furthermore, tenure Is a Dalliance Detente â€Å"get economical Detentes† Ana â€Å"get inanely Testicles† (p. 294). Neo-liberal policies increase social inequalities and damaged social solidarity.Thus, social citizenship would be a good political response to bring up social Justice to our consumer culture. Since there is scarcity both social capital and social status play vital roles to maintain a healthy lifestyle, and this type of lifestyle is socially desirable since it is embedded in our consumer culture (probably because of capitalism but also because of the neo-conservative ideas you fight against scarcity and the high budgets => they passed the responsibility to individuals), and this is vital because nowadays there are more chronic diseases which need long-term social resources (p. 295 and 296).Thus, medical demands are (and will keep being) central in political campaigns, and social citizenship institutions would protect individuals from capitalist free-market. This means that sociology has to take into account this new political dimension very related to rights, freedoms, liberties, medicine, welfare (which is not the same as medicine), moral boundaries†¦ (p. 297). Moreover, the new medical sociology has to face the changes occurred within democracy. Since we live in a globalizes world, the boundaries of social rights have changed, as well as the concept of citizenship is more complex.Are outsiders subject o be medically treated? (p. 299). On the other hand, the new medical sociology must pay attention to the situation of women, since we live in a post-forbids society which keep the patriarchy as main element of gender dominance (p. 301). Equality and health We need to distinguish between morbidity rates and mortality rates since they show us changes over time (p. 302). Age, gender, ethnicity, class have to do with those health inequalities (p. 303). Cambiums en lass unfermented (important) en la paging 304. Neoconservatives and economic deregulation Keynesian era has ended and deregulation are common since the Cold War.The idea is to avoid free riders and let the market be free of governmental constraints. The public sector, thus, is transferring competences to the private sector, to individuals, and to charity and philanthropy. This entails a change in the very notion of social citizenship created by the welfare states (p. 307). Moreover, neoconservatives encourages the voluntary sector not because they want to create an â€Å"active citizenship†, but because it would decrease the public expenditure and he welfare services = public cost (p. 309). Conclusion: globalization, citizenship, and social capitalNeoconservatives is dangerous for individuals' health, for social cohesion (social capital) and for social rights since it diminishes governments authority (p. 310). Contemporary West is tied up to serve to market logic and economical rationalism (p. 311). The new medical sociology must explain those asymmetrical relations and connect our personal problems with the global social structure (as Wright Mills said) (p. 312). â€Å"Sociologists have the moral role to illuminate and criticize the social problems of the period in which he or she lives† (p. 312). Personal experiences are linked with bigger structures (p. 313).

Abduction Is a Short Story by Shelagh Delaney

Abduction is a short story by Shelagh Delaney, it is a story about misunderstanding the concept of love. However it is also a story about, misunderstanding or not looking for the needs of the ones we love. Abduction is the title, and it refers to the way, that Ann abducts her sixteen year old younger brother from their parents, and brings him to london. Ann is a woman who always new, what she wanted: â€Å"She couldn't get out of Manchester quick enough. Although she'd been born and brought up there it had never been good enough. There was only one place worth living.London. † (p. 1, ll. 24) Ann moved and never looked back, except from the one time, where she came to take her younger brother to live with her in London. There can be many reasons why Ann felt the need to take him away from his home, but all in all she has a very strong need to look after someone, and control their life. Considering the fact, that she is working at a children's hospital, may give the impression, that she would want to have kids on her own, but that is not the case. Already when she was a young woman, she was sterilized.It is a bit of a mystery, because while she loved kids, she did not want any of her own. For her it was more easy to become a mother to her younger brother. Therefore she spoiled him with money, and never gave him have a life of his own. When he gets a girlfriend, who also become pregnant, Ann tells them to get an abortion, and they do what she says. Ann's younger brother's girlfriend points out to him, that there is something wrong between the two siblings: â€Å"She's more like a possessive mother than a sister,† She told him. â€Å"Are you sure you're not really her baby? † (pp, 4. ll, 81).This is said because Ann's behavior is more appropriate for a mother than a sister, because as his sister, she should not take the mothers part in the upbringing. As mentioned before Ann spoils her brother with money. She gives him, what she believes he wan ts, and he is too week to tell her, that what she is doing is wrong. When he graduates from college, (where he had studied media, which he actually despised, but did for his sister sake), Ann provide him with a job, which of course leads to Ann giving him a lot of new and expensive close, he never wanted. After that day, he immediately changed to his belongings from his birth house.Ann's brother married Marianne, the girl who got an abortion, she gets pregnant again, and this time, they keep the child. After Marianne has given birth to their child, Ann transfers her own sense to the child, and spoils it with money, even though the parents tell her to stop. After some years Ann's brother start to drink, and become an alcoholic. Marianne tries to help him, but she decides to divorce him. He moves back to Ann, and they are back were they were before the marriage. This is very satisfying for Ann, because now she can control her brother, the way she like.Again she can spoil him with mone y, and give him the things, she think he wants. He says that he does not want her to spend the money, but she answer him back that it is only money, and that is what they are for. The money she gives him, is her way of expressing her love to the brother. She never think that maybe he wants something totally different, he wants feelings, wants someone to tell him that he exist for a reason. His alcoholism is according to Ann not existing, her brother can simply not have an alcohol problem. It is easy to see, that this is her brothers way of going against his sister.He has the need to do something against his sister, and make her realize, that she can not make him, something he is not. She can not make him wear clothes, he dislike, she can't change him, no matter how big an amount of money she gives him. His life is a mess, he is in a deep alcoholism, even though he loves his child and ex-wife. â€Å"He'd wanted to run away then, run back home to his mother and father. Was it possibl e to start all over again? † (pp, 4. ll, 119) Ann is very controlling, she wants him to stay week, so she drags him back into alcoholism, she thinks that she has all the right answers.That her mother and father was in no condition to raise a child, that she could do it better herself, but all she ever did was doing it the wrong way. Money can not replace true feelings, it can not replace the love between to humans, money can never make a person happy, and it did not make her brother happy, it killed him. Both the picture by Edward Munch, and the text by D. H. Lawrence is about women controlling their men. In the painting, a woman encloses a man with her hair, he is in her power. She has the power to control him. The man in he picture has a very sad look in his eyes, as if he nows that he does not have the power to get out of her grip. In the text a man is describing how his girlfriend is very possessive and wants to control him. â€Å"She had such a lust for possession, a gre ed of self-importance in love†(pp. 6, ll. 7). This painting and the text are both very similar to the themes in the short story. They both surrounds the topic of women being dominant, and wanting to control the men, just like Ann's needs to control her younger brother. Fiction and non-fiction is two very different ways of writing.In fiction you can write anything that comes to you mind, there are no specific rules that inquirer you to do something certain. A fiction story can be very unrealistic, but also very realistic. When looking at the short story Abduction, it is quickly discovered that it is a fiction story. To start with it has a third person narrator. In fiction a narrator can write down the characters thoughts, and him or her, can be very subjective: â€Å"The first time he left his sister's house for the office he felt like a fool togged up in a black cashmere and silk shirts†(pp. 3, ll. 8). Non-fiction on the other hand is submitted rules, in non-fiction you have to stay as objective as possible. Personal thoughts are not to prefer, the writer is telling the story as it happened, him or her is passing on valuable information, and that information has to be unbiased. â€Å"Alfred Adler observed that there was an innate â€Å"drive for power an superiority† that was evidenced in sibling rivalry†(pp. 8, ll. 1) Alfred is observing something, and these observations can be used to conclude something. That would not have been the case, if the text had been fiction.

Thames Kosmos Chem C3000 Chemistry Kit Review

Thames Kosmos Chem C3000 Chemistry Kit Review Thames and Kosmos produce  several science kits, including multiple chemistry sets. The Chem C3000 is their ultimate chemistry kit. Chemistry education and labs have moved toward computer simulations and safe chemicals, so its actually quite hard to find a kit that offers the types of hands-on experimentation that set the standard for chemistry labs in the past. The Chem 3000 is one of the few chemistry kits on the market today that contains chemicals and equipment necessary to perform over 350 high school / advanced chemistry experiments. This is the most popular chemistry kit for home chemistry and self-teaching. Description This is the ultimate chemistry kit! Thames Kosmos Chem C3000 kit contains everything in their Chem C1000 and Chem C2000 kits, plus more chemicals and equipment. Youll be able to perform over 350 chemistry experiments.The kit comes in a box containing two foam packing trays. The company reserves the right to make technical changes in the kit, so there isnt much point in listing the exact contents of the box I received, but I will say it included a 192-page paperback color lab manual, safety glasses, stickers for labeling chemicals, test tubes, a test tube  holder and test tube brush, a funnel, graduated beakers, pipettes, stoppers, an alcohol burner, a tripod stand, electrodes, brown bottles for storing light-sensitive chemicals, rubber hoses, glass tubing, filter paper, an evaporating dish, an Erlenmeyer flask, a plastic syringe, litmus powder, an assortment of other lab necessities, and numerous containers of chemicals. As you might expect, theres nothing particularly dangerous w ith respect to waste disposal (e.g., no mercury, carbon tetrachloride, etc.), but its a serious set, intended for hands-on, old-school chemistry experimentation. The experiments introduce the investigator to proper use of chemistry lab equipment and cover general chemistry and introductory organic essentials. Age Recommendation: 12+ This is a set for middle and high school students and adults. It is not an appropriate chemistry kit for young children. However, you dont need to have any prior knowledge of chemistry to use the set.The instruction book is designed like a lab text. Each chapter features an introduction, a clear list of objectives, explanation of the concepts, step-by-step instructions, practice questions to make sure you understand what is going on, and a self-test.It is not complicated. You just need a grasp of basic algebra and the ability to follow directions to master the material. The pictures in the book are glorious and the text is easy to read. Its fun and down-to-earth, not boring pages of calculations and graphs. The point is to show you how fun chemistry is! Pros and Cons of the Chem C3000 Kit Personally, I think the pros of this kit greatly outweigh the cons, but you should know what youre getting into before deciding if this is the right chemistry kit for you. The biggest issue aside from cost probably is that this is a serious kit. There are risks if you misuse the chemicals, there is a flame, and there is basic math in the calculations. If youre looking for an introduction to chemistry for very young investigators, it would be better to opt for an age-appropriate set. Pros Suitable for the lab component of home school high school chemistry.Lots of chemicals; lots of experiments. You wont run through this set in an hour or a weekend.The instruction manual is exceptional, with color pictures, clear instructions, and informative explanations of the chemistry.Includes lab and safety equipment, not just chemicals, so you can continue experimentation and lab work beyond the instructions. You can order additional chemicals either from Thames Kosmos or pick them up on your own. Cons Expensive! You get a lot in this kit, but its typically around $200. If that is out of your budget range, you might consider one of the smaller Thames Kosmos kits. The quality is the same, except the kits, are cheaper and cover fewer experiments. Or, if you are on a tight budget, why not put together your own kit from household chemicals?Additional materials required. To complete every experiment, youll need to pick up a 9-volt battery and a few additional chemicals that are not included in the kit, primarily because they are either flammable or else have a short shelf life. Fortunately, these chemicals are not hard to find online. Specifically, the additional chemicals needed that the company couldnt legally ship in the kit are:1% Silver nitrate solution~4% Sodium hydroxide solution~7% Hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid)3% Hydrogen peroxide (usual  drug store strength)~3% Ammonia (diluted household ammonia)The additional chemicals/materials youll need are:White vinegarDenatured alc ohol (rubbing alcohol)Distilled waterBaking soda (sodium bicarbonate)Citric acidAmmonium carbonateAluminum foilCottonIron nail9-Volt battery You may experience breakage in shipping. Most people order this kit online. It comes well-packaged and mine didnt break, despite FedEx throwing it at my front door, but other people have reported getting some broken glassware. The chemicals come in plastic containers, so they are secure, but they are test tubes and glass bottles, so breakage is possible. My advice is to order via a vendor that will replace any damaged components.

Dwight D. Eisenhower - Biography

Dwight D. Eisenhower - Biography Dwight D. Eisenhowers Childhood and Education: Eisenhower was born on October 14, 1890 in Denison, Texas. However, he moved as an infant to Abilene, Kansas. He grew up in a very poor family and worked throughout his youth to earn money. He attended local public schools and graduated from high school in 1909. He joined the military in order to gain a free college education. He went to the West Point from 1911-1915. He was commissioned a second lieutenant but continued his education in the military eventually attending the Army War College. Family Ties: Eisenhowers father was David Jacob Eisenhower, a mechanic and manager. His mother was Ida Elizabeth Stover who happened to be a deeply religious pacifist. He had five brothers. He married Marie Mamie Geneva Doud on July 1, 1916. She moved many times with her husband throughout his military career. Together they had one son, John Sheldon Doud Eisenhower.   Dwight D. Eisenhowers Military Service: Upon graduation, Eisenhower was assigned to be a second lieutenant in the infantry. During World War I, he was a training instructor and commander of a training center. He attended the Army War College and then joined General MacArthurs staff. In 1935 he went to the Philippines. He served in various executive positions before the start of World War II. After the war, he resigned and became the president of Columbia University. He was appointed by Harry S  Truman to be the Supreme Commander of NATO. World War II: At the start of World War II, Eisenhower was chief of staff to Commander General Walter Krueger. He was then promoted to brigadier general in 1941. In March 1942 he became a major general. In June, he was appointed commander of all U.S. forces in Europe. He was the commander of allied forces during the invasion of North Africa, Sicily, and Italy. He was then named Supreme Allied Commander in charge of the D-Day invasion. In December 1944 he was made a five-star general. Becoming the President: Eisenhower was chosen to run on the Republican ticket with Richard Nixon as his Vice President against Adlai Stevenson. Both candidates campaigned vigorously. The campaign dealt with Communism and governmental waste. However, more people voted for Ike leading to his victory with 55% of the popular vote and 442 electoral votes. He ran again in 1956 against Stevenson. One of the main issues was Eisenhowers health due to a recent heart attack. In the end he won with 57% of the vote. Events and Accomplishments of Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Presidency: Eisenhower traveled to Korea before he took office to help conclude the peace talks. By July 1953, an Armistice was signed that separated Korea into two with a demilitarized zone at the 38th parallel. The Cold War was raging while Eisenhower was in office. He began building up nuclear weapons to protect America and to warn the Soviet Union that the U.S. would retaliate if fired upon. When Fidel Castro took power in Cuba and then began relations with the Soviet Union, Eisenhower placed an embargo on the country. He was concerned about the Soviet involvement in Vietnam. He came up with the Domino Theory where he said that if the Soviet Union could topple one regime (like Vietnam), it would find it easier and easier to topple further regimes. Therefore, he was the first to send advisors to the region. He also created the Eisenhower Doctrine where he asserted that America had the right to aid any country threatened by Communist aggression. In 1954, Senator Joseph McCarthy who had been trying to reveal Communists in government fell from power when the Army-McCarthy hearings were televised.  Joseph N. Welch who represented the Army was able to show how out of control McCarthy had become.   In 1954, the Supreme Court decided in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954 that schools should be desegregated. In 1957, Eisenhower had to send federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas to safeguard black students enrolling for the first time in a previously all-white school. In 1960, a Civil Rights Act was passed to include sanctions against any local officials who blocked blacks from voting. The U-2 Spy Plane Incident occurred in 1960. On May 1, 1960, a U-2 spy plane piloted by Francis Gary Powers was brought down near Svedlovsk, Soviet Union. This event had a lasting negative impact on U.S. - U.S.S.R. relations. The details surrounding this event are to this day still shrouded in mystery. Eisenhower, however, defended the need for reconnaissance flights as necessary for national security. Post-Presidential Period: Eisenhower retired after his second term on January 20, 1961. He moved to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and wrote his autobiography and memoirs. He died on March 28, 1969 of congestive heart failure. Historical Significance: Eisenhower was president during the 50s, a time of relative peace (despite the  Korean Conflict) and prosperity. Eisenhowers willingness to sent federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas to ensure that local schools were desegregated was an important  step in the  Civil Rights movement.

Compare and contrast two Management Theories Term Paper

Compare and contrast two Management Theories - Term Paper Example Theory X This theory is based on traditional conception of control and direction. The theory makes assumptions that average human beings do not like working. Because of this dislike, most people must be punished in order to put forth adequate effort towards the realization of the organization’s goals. Furthermore, theory X assumes that average people prefer to be directed, wish to avoid responsibility, have relatively little ambitions and want securities (Sapru, 2006). Traditionally, this theory was referred to as the carrot and the stick theory and was practically based on mechanistic approach to human relations. Rewards and punishments may be used to induce desired behavior, and this came from the donkey story whereby the best way to make a donkey move was to "put a carrot in front of the donkey or jab him with a stick from behind" (Sapru, 2006). Rewards and punishments are still strong motivators in many organizations. The use of theory X works well under certain circumstances; however, this does not work at all once an employee has attained the highest level and is motivated by higher needs. In other words, this theory does not explain human nature. McGregor states that as long as theory X continues to influence managerial strategy, human potentialities cannot be discovered. Theory Y The inadequacies in theory X led to development of theory Y as integration to replace traditional concepts of direction and control. The human motivations in theory Y may be characterized by the expenditure of physical and mental effort in work. Here, an ordinary person does not dislike work (Miner, 2007).

Innovation is the HVAC field - Thermoelectric cooling components Research Paper

Innovation is the HVAC field - Thermoelectric cooling components - Research Paper Example The technology has since been used to cool temperatures of devices by creating heat sinks for different electronic materials. The most recent applications of this type of technology are the â€Å"wristify† cooling system invented by four MIT students. The â€Å"wristify† is used for maintaining the body temperature at a personal level. This they managed through the use of two different conductors and a very small battery. In order for the cooling to take place, the then a DC current is applied so as to initiate the movement of electrons. The efficiency in thermo-electric cooling, depends on materials be selected keenly. Many thermo-electric coolers made today are from an alloy of Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3). Thermo-electric cooling poses very advantages like lack of mechanical maintenance and ability to be used in very small places. The technology has a place in the future since there is a possible use of the technology in marine engineering of submarines, night vision a nd many more others. Prototype wearable 'air-conditioning' device According to fox news, In the MIT, four engineering students have been able to develop a wrist worn body cooling device that is based upon the Peltier Effect and theory. The device code named wristify employs a series of two different conductors that are referred to as the Peltier cooler. The device is powered a very small battery and then attached to a wrist wrap so as to hold it in place. For the device to reduce the body temperature, it starts by reducing the wrist temperature in degree fractions every second for a specified time period. However, the students have not arrived at the correct time calculations, but they say that a reasonable cooling effect is achieved when the wrist is cooled by 0.4 degrees Celsius for five seconds. After this session, the device goes off for 10 seconds and maintains the interval. However, the four students are still on the process of calculating for optimal timings so as to perfect the device. The Wristify is one of the major breakthrough in human attempt to thermo-electric cooling (Balmer, 2011). With this device, a different person will be able to customize their own temperature ranges without affecting others. This is an aspect that many will appreciate. This rate of success is a sign that with the rise in advance technology and availability of resources, thermo-electric cooling can be utilized in areas that people had never imagined before. Thermo-electric cooling Definition Thermo-electric cooling refers to an application of the Peltier Effect to create a difference in temperature between two materials of different type. A thermo-electric cooler is usually a solid stated active that is able to transfer heat from one side of a device to the other. This is possible based on the following physical theories. First, when two different conductors are under electric contact, there is an electron flow out of the conductor that is less bound into the other conductor in which electrons are more. This is possible because of the dif ference in Fermi level between the two devices used as conductors. The Fermi level shows the difference in energy levels that are contained in different conductors occupied by electrons, and those that are not occupied. Therefore, when two conductors of different Fermi levels. This can be easily compared to diffusion in which molecules move from an area of high concentration to that of low concentration. How it works In order for the cooling to take